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The Central Industrial District ((ポーランド語:Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy), abbreviated COP), is an industrial region in Poland. It was one of the biggest economic projects of the Second Polish Republic. The 5-year-long project was initiated by a famous Polish economist, deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Treasury, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski. Its goal was to create a heavy industrial center in the middle of the country, as far as possible from any borders, strengthen the Polish economy and reduce unemployment. The four-year plan for the development of COP was scheduled from 1 September 1936 until 30 July 1940 and was interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War and the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Nonetheless, the COP project succeeded in vastly expanding Polish industry, and after the end of the war in 1945 COP was rebuilt and expanded under the People's Republic of Poland. ==The plan's history== Starting in 1928, there were recurring attempts to create a ''triangle of security'', an industrial region in the middle of the country, secured from any aggression by Germany or Soviet Russia. The plan was finally approved in 1936 by the Polish government. By April 1938, the plan, already set in motion in some parts of the country, was expanded to the territories beyond those covered by the original plan for the most secure 'triangle'. COP was located in the territories of the following former voivodeships: the eastern parts of the Kielce Voivodship and the Kraków Voivodship, the southern part of the Lublin Voivodeship, and the western part of the Lwów Voivodeship, or in other terms, 46 powiats, constituting 15.4% of the territory of Poland and inhabited by 17% of Poland's population. The urbanization factor of those territories was 17% (94 cities), compared to the national average of 30%. The arguments for this location of the COP were: : a) military - a relatively long distance from both the western and eastern borders (Poland was expecting future German or Soviet aggression), and protected from the south by the Carpathian Mountains. : b) demographic - a fairly high population density (100 people per square km) with high unemployment (400-700,000). : c) economic - to strengthen the mostly agricultural market of eastern Poland and create a market for Western Poland's industrial products, and an energy market for southern Poland. In addition, this region had some undeveloped natural resources (stone, iron, clay, plus some energy resources). : d) social - to reduce unemployment, still high in the mostly agricultural regions of eastern Poland, still feeling the aftershocks of the Great Depression. The COP plan required gigantic financial investment - just the development of the infrastructure and the military industry was estimated at 3 billion zlotys. As the expectations of war grew, private investment in Europe in the late 1930s was small, and thus the Polish government carried most of the burden for financing the project; from 1937 to 1939, the COP had consumed approximately 60% of all Polish investment funds. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Central Industrial Region (Poland)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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